 The following is some information about Collor. Please, write after the post that you have read it! Thank you.
Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello (born August 12, 1949) was president of Brazil from 1990 to 1992. Collor was the scion of a powerful political family, led by his father Arnon de Mello, a journalist and former governor of Alagoas. In 1989 Collor defeated Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in a two round presidential race. He won in the state of Sao Paulo against many prominent political figures. The first democratically elected President of Brazil in 29 years, Collor spent the early years of his government allegedly battling inflation, which at times reached rates of 25% per month.
Shortly after taking office, Collor launched the "Collor Plan", which attempted to reduce the money supply by forcibly converting large portions of consumer bank accounts into unspendable government bonds, while at the same time increasing the printing of money bills, a contradictory measure to combat inflation. All acounts over 1200 Cruzeiros were frozen for 18 months. He also proposed freezes in wages and prices, as well as major cuts in government spending. The measures were received unenthusiastically by the people, though many felt that radical measures were necessary to reduce the constant inflation. Within a few months, however, inflation resumed, eventually reaching rates of 25% per month.
In 1992, Collor was accused by his brother Pedro of corruption, leading to investigations by both Congress and the press. Many accusations focused on the role of Collor's campaign manager, Paulo Cesar Farias, who accumulated substantial wealth as Collor's political star rose. Increasing evidence of bribery and misappropriation of state funds led to popular demonstrations and civil disorder across the main cities of Brazil. In October, the congress voted to suspend him. Collor was impeached by Congress on December 29, 1992 and his right to run for political office was suspended for 8 years, according to Brazilian law applied to corruption. Most of the population still identifies Collor with corruption although he was later declared not guilty of all charges made against him.
He was succeeded by his vice president, Itamar Franco, widely regarded as an inept to the office of President. Itamar's Economy minister, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, was later elected President in 1995 and reelected to another term in 1998.
 Escrito por by Andréa Parrode às 14:53
[ ]
[ envie esta mensagem ]
|
 Good teacher helping good students with the questions using the opposites! Please, leave a message saying that you have read the post about Tiradentes. Read it, select the most important things and prepare yourself well! Love you all...
Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, known as Tiradentes, was the leader of the Minas Conspiracy. He was condemned to die on April 21, 1792, for his role in the plot. His martyrdom made him a national hero; April 21 is now a national holiday. The Inconfidência Mineira (Minas Conspiracy) of 1789, a Brazilian independence movement, was a result of the confluence of external and internal causes. The main external cause was the repercussions in this Portuguese colony of the independence of the thirteen English colonies in North America, a development that particularly impressed the intellectual elite living in the captaincy of Minas Gerais. The main internal cause of the conspiracy was the decline of gold mining in that captaincy. As gold became less plentiful, the region's inhabitants faced increasing difficulties in fulfilling tax obligations to the crown. When the captaincy could not satisfy the royal demand for gold, it was burdened with an additional tax on gold, called derrama. Conspirators seeking independence from Portugal planned to rise up in rebellion on the day that the derrama was instituted.
In 1789 elites in the captaincy of Minas Gerais revolted, protesting the reassertion of imperial control and the imposition of new taxes. An early sign of Brazilian nationalism, the Minas Conspiracy involved prominent figures as well as military officers. The revolt failed and royal courts sentenced most of the conspirators to prison or exile. The only nonaristocratic member of the conspiracy, a military officer by the name of Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, became the scapegoat. Best known by his nickname, Tiradentes (Toothpuller)—one of his many professions was dentistry—(he was hanged in 1793 and became a martyr for the cause of Brazilian independence).
In the end, three participants revealed the conspirators' plans to the government and the rebels were arrested in 1789. One of the informants, Joaquim Silvério dos Reis (1756-1792), became known as the Brazilian traitor. Tiradentes, who took full responsibility for the conspiracy movement, was imprisoned in Rio de Janeiro. Tiradentes died in the gallows on April 21, 1792. Afterwards, his body was torn into pieces, which were sent to Vila Rica in the captaincy of Minas Gerais, to be displayed in the places where he had propagated his revolutionary ideas.
Tiradentes (1748-1792), or José Joaquim da Silva Xavier, was a precursor of Brazilian independence and the national hero of Brazil. He led the 1789 Minas Gerais conspiracy in favor of Brazilian independence and was executed by the Portuguese.
José Joaquim da Silva Xavier was born in the small town of Pombal (today Tiradentes), Minas Gerais, on Nov. 12, 1748. His parents were moderately wealthy, but little evidence exists that he had much formal education. He worked as a merchant and dentist and served in the militia as a cavalry officer. Most often he is picturesquely known by his profession, Tiradentes, or the "toothpuller." He traveled in the captaincies of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro and was aware of and disturbed by the major problems besetting Brazil at the end of the 18th century.
An influx of enlightened ideas from Europe and a growing economic discontent prompted some intellectuals to conspire against Portuguese rule. The first such major conspiracy centered in Minas Gerais at the end of the 18th century. Tiradentes assumed a leading role in that conspiracy, known in Brazilian history as the Inconfidência Mineira. When word spread that Portugal planned to collect back taxes, the plotters redoubled their activity in the early months of 1789.
Romantic and unrealistic, the plans never passed the hypothetical stage. All agreed that Brazil should be independent. Beyond that, they did not concur. Some were republicans, others monarchists; some advocated the abolition of slavery, others favored the institution. Tiradentes, an admirer of the U.S. Constitution, advocated a republic. While they debated, informers reported their meetings and intentions to Portuguese authorities. The Crown ordered their arrest. Tiradentes was seized while on a mission to Rio de Janeiro.
The investigation and trial extended over a period of 3 years. Tiradentes maintained before the courts that he was the leader of the conspiracy and responsible for it. On April 18, 1792, the court handed down the sentences. Only one of the death sentences was carried out, that of Tiradentes. Deemed "unworthy of royal mercy," he was hanged and quartered in Rio de Janeiro on April 21, 1792.
The principal result of the brutal execution was the creation of a martyr to Brazilian independence. Thereafter, Tiradentes acquired a more significant place in history than his impractical plans merited. Today, Brazilians regard him as their national hero. The plot itself indicated the degree to which many ideas of the Enlightenment had penetrated the interior of Brazil to agitate the waters of economic and political discontent.
Escrito por by Andréa Parrode às 13:37
[ ]
[ envie esta mensagem ]
|
