Michael Jackson was unquestionably the biggest pop star of the '80s, and certainly one of the most popular recording artists of all time.
Probably no celebrity has been as revered and reviled over the past 40 years as Jackson, 50, who died Thursday in Los Angeles, according to the Associated Press. The troubled, reclusive star was rushed to UCLA Medical Center by paramedics responding to a call from his home at about 12:30 p.m.
Around the country and the world Friday, legions of grief-stricken fans of the King of Pop mourned the sudden death of Michael Jackson with spontaneous flower-laden memorials and emotional tributes, as the autopsy to determine the cause of his mysterious death was underwayin Los Angeles. From Sydney to Hong Kong, China to Los Angeles, fans spoke of their shock and sadness. They gathered outside left flowers and a teddy bear outside his childhood home in Gary, Ind.
Immediately after Jackson's death was confirmed, a confection of impromptu tributes burst around the country and the world. Fans gathered near the UCLA Medical Center to remember the good times.
The cause of Jackson's death was not immediately announced, nor were circumstances surrounding it. Jackson was not breathing when Los Angeles Fire Department paramedics got to his Los Angeles home.
His career was certainly a thriller, but his life was a story of epic proportions as well, from childhood fame to superstardom to financial troubles, accusations of child molestation and increasing isolation.
The child prodigy
Jackson began singing at age 5 with his four older brothers, winning local talent contests in their hometown of Gary, Ind. Eventually, the brothers formed the Jackson 5 and began playing professional gigs in venues across the Midwest.
The defendant
In recent years, Jackson spent far more time in court than on stage. In addition to assorted civil lawsuits over concerts and other business arrangements that fell apart, Jackson was most notoriously entangled in the legal system over accusations of sexual misconduct with children.
In 1993 he was accused of molesting a 13-year-old boy and settled the civil suit filed by the child's family for a reported $22 million. The boy in question refused to cooperate with investigators, who then never filed charges because of lack of evidence.
Jackson was accused again in 2003 by a 13-year-old companion who was filmed in interviews for the documentary Living With Michael Jackson, holding hands and talking about sleeping in the same room. The friendship ended when child-welfare investigators looked into the relationship, and the boy and his family accused the singer of sexually mistreating him. The trial (pictured) became a media circus, though a jury ultimately acquitted him in 2005.
The humanitarian
Jackson had a huge soft spot for charitable causes. He gave millions of his own money and helped raise millions more to support advocacy groups ranging from the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation to the American Cancer Society. His efforts prompted a listing in the 2000 Guinness Book of World Records for most charities supported by a pop star.
He donated $1.5 million to a burn center, the proceeds from a settlement he received from PepsiCo after sustaining second-degree burns to his scalp while filming a 1984 TV commercial for the soft-drink giant. Later that year, he donated an additional $5 million to charity from his share of the Jackson 5's Victory Tour. Also that year, he was honored by President Reagan for his contributions to combat drug and alcohol abuse.
Jackson also co-wrote with Lionel RichieWe Are the World, the star-laden 1985 single that sold 20 million copies, raising millions for famine relief. He reprised the song (pictured) at London's World Music Awards in 2006.
Yet for all he gave away and the estimated $1 billion he grossed over his career, Jackson faced a series of cash crunches in recent years. In 2005, he owed an estimated $300 million to creditors and, a year later, closed the main house of his Neverland Ranch to cut costs.
The superstar
Jackson launched a solo career in 1972, not long after the Jackson 5's I Want You Back scaled the charts, though his first release was the modest-selling Got to Be There. He generated more sizzle with 1979's Off the Wall. But it was 1982's Thriller that provided Jackson his breakthrough. Thriller dominated music sales for the next two years, becoming the world's best-selling album of all time. Jackson could never duplicate Thriller's success, but his 1987 release, Bad, generated several hits. Through his career, the King of Pop won 13 Grammys and had 13 No. 1 hits. All told, Jackson sold 750 million albums.
Choose one of the short texts to talk about next class as communication:
1) You have to talk about the article and then add your own impressions about it.
2) You must speak for at least 5 minutes nonstop, and no longer than 7 minutes.
3) You don't need to repeat every single word used in the text. Choose only one to teach,
4) DON'T MEMORIZE the text. Talk about it using your own words, and if you use words of the text, you must know how to explain them. Listen to it so as not to make mistakes in pronunciation.
I left the title and the link where you can also listen to the article. The activity will take place on June16th, and you have to print your article and take it to class.
As soon as you choose it, leave me a message because each one must choose a different short article.
REPORTED SPEECH: Please, watch this video on YouTube so as to help you understand reported speech better. There is also a great explanation about the difference between "say and tell"!
SHY: We say shy when someone is afraid to talk or interact with others, such as when small children hide or stick close to their parents when company comes over, and don't want to say hello to the guests or even look at them. A boy who is shy around girls is afraid to look them in the eye or talk directly to them.
ASHAMED OF: Being ashamed means that someone feels humiliated because he has done something wrong and knows it (or when somebode else has done something wrong). For example, the lady is ashamed of her older son because he sommitted a crime and is in jail.
Dear students (BOOK I - Lesson 5/06:15 pm - 2009), the following is some information about Juscelino Kubitscheck to help you answer the question of the Book. Please, click on "comment" after the post, and leave a comment to show me that you have read it. Good luck and contact me if you have any questions. - Andréa Parrode.
JUSCELINO KUBITSCHECK: (JK) (September 12, 1902 – August 22, 1976) was a prominent Brazilian politician who was President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961. He was born in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, and died in 1976. His term was marked by relative economic prosperity and political stability, being most known by the construction of a new capital, Brasília.
Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira was born on September 12, 1902 into a poor family, in the town of Diamantina in Minas Gerais.
He graduated as a as a physician (medical doctor) at the University of Minas Gerais. He worked at the surgery clinic of the Santa Casa de Misericordia in Belo Horizonte and then studied for two years in hospitals in Paris, Vienna, and Berlin. He returned to Brazil and established his own practice in Belo Horizonte, the same year he married Sarah Gomes de Lemos. However, he soon entered politics, and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Brazil from his home state (Minas Gerais) in 1934. However, with the advent of Getúlio Vargas' Estado Novo in 1937, Kubitschek was forced to return to practicing medicine, but in 1940, he became the mayor of Belo Horizonte.
In 1945, Kubitscheck was elected to the Federal Chamber of Deputies by PSD. In 1950, he was elected governor of Minas Gerais, again on the PSD party. As governor, he earned a considerable reputation for his efforts to develop the state's economy.
In 1955, he ran for president with the slogan "Fifty years of progress in five", and won. People say he was a great president because the economy developed and many industries were built.
On 30 Sep 1957, he signed a law moving the national capital to a new city, Brasília, which was to be built in the Goiás highlands. The most spectacular part of the Kubitschek program was the establishment of the new national capital, built 700 miles in the interior of Brazil. It was constructed in four years, and the capital was officially transferred to Brasìlia several months before the end of Kubitschek's term. A 1,400-mile road was built from Brasìlia to Belém in the delta of the Amazon.
Kubitschek left the presidential office in January of 1961. A few months later he was elected senator from the state of Goiás.
When President Goulart was overthrown by the military in April of 1964, Kubitschek lost his seat in the Senate and was banned from any political activity for 10 years. He went into voluntary exile in the United States for some time, and upon his return to Brazil in October 1965, he was placed under house arrest. He soon afterward returned to exile in the United States but, with the inauguration of the second military president early in 1967, returned home once again.
Return to Brazil and death
He returned to Brazil in 1967 but was killed in a car crash in 1976, near the city of Resende in the state of Rio de Janeiro. 350,000 mourners were present at his burial in Brasília. He is now buried in the Memorial JK, which was opened in 1981, in Brasilia.
BOOK I LESSON 5 - 06:15 PM - 2009 - COPY the definitions below in your glossary and skip lines for the second example. I will check you glossary notebooks next class (April 28th,2009):
1) TO SCRATCH: (scratched/scratched)
a) to rub your skin with your nails, so as to stop it itching. Note: Animals also scratch themselves with theis claws or scratch at the door, the sofa etc
e.g. Whenever I go to the Araguaia River, I get so many mosquito bites that I keep scratching them the whole night.
b) to cut or damage a surface or your skin slightly with or on something sharp
e.g: Joe had tetanus because he had scratched himself on the roses while walking in the garden.
2) Barbed wire: strong wire with short, sharp points on it to keep people or animals out of a place
* Fence: a wood, wire, or metal structure that divides or goes around an area (electric / barbed wire / garden etc fence)
3) HAD BETTER: Use this structure to give a very strong recommendation about what somebody should do in specific situations (if the person doesn't follow the recommendation, he/she might have to face a serious consequence).
Note: Although “had” is the past tense of “have”, we use “had better” to give advice about the present or future. The verb is always used in the infinitive form, without "to". (had better go/do/play/say/talk....)
e.g: Mary had better finish her test quickly (or else there won't be time to do all the exercises). e.g: I'd better obey Mom (or else she will ground me for a week).
The negative form is “had better not”.
I'd better not share my secrets with anyone (or else, someone may think I am not an honest person)
4) Puppet: a toy in the shape of a person or animal that you can move with strings or by putting your hand inside:
5)To blame: (blamed/blamed) to say or think that someone or something is responsible for something bad which has happened e.g: Many people blame Bob for Tony's death. - Poor housing is to blame for many of the population's health problems. - The singers apologized for the delay of the show and blamed it on technical problems.
6) Bored (adjective): to feel tired and unhappy because something is not interesting or because you have nothing to do:
e.g: Some students get bored with/of doing the same thing every day.
7) Cage: a structure surrounded on all sides by bars or wires in which birds or other animals are kept.
Before doing the exercise, REVIEW the past perfect continuous tense !!! Remember that the sentence cannot be used alone,
it always refers to another sentence in the past simple!!
The Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive) is very similar to the Past Pefect. However, while using this tense, we focus on the duration of an activity rather than the result of it.
Form
Positive sentences:
Subject
+
Auxiliary verb
+
Auxiliary verb
+
Verb + ing
I/a dog etc.
had
been
eating/swimming, etc.
I had been running for an hour when it started raining.
Kathy put on weight because she had been eating too much sugar
When I saw Pete, I knew that he had been training.
Questions (interrogative sentences):
Auxiliary verb
+
Subject
+
Auxiliary verb
+
Verb + ing
Had
I/a dog etc.
been
eating/swimming, etc.
For how many hours had Fredbeen painting the house when the ladder fell?
How long had the player been playing before he scored?
Negative sentences:
Subject
+
Auxiliary verb + not
+
Auxiliary verb
+
Verb + ing
I/a dog /Mary, etc.
hadn't
been
going/swimming, etc.
Bob said he wasn't tired because he hadn't been preparing his car.
Dear pupils, now try to do this exercise. The present and past tenses have been mixed in some of them, and it's up to you to identify that. Any doubts, you may send me messages by clicking on comments because they are sent to my e-mail!
Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) a great deal. The first computers (be) simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) much memory and they (be, not) very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) very little. Most computers (be) separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.
Times (change) . Computers (become) powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) on the Internet and (begin) communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) into an international World Wide Web of knowledge.
Exercise 2 - Different use:
I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I (try) to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I (have) five cups of coffee and I (wait) over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange) to meet Kathy in front of the theater.
When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) up the tickets and she was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait) for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) up and (go) into the theater without us.
Kathy told me you (be) late several times in the past and that she would not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss) several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!
Dear pupils, I suggest you use CTRL C nad CTRL V to edit the exercises on WORD. Print and do them for our class on Tuesday, at 2:30.
CEI – Curso Especial de InglêsLevel: Verb Tenses
1) Using the words in parentheses, complete the sentences below with the appropriate tenses. Then identify them by writing the numbers. (1) _______________,(2) _______________, (3) _______________ and(4) _______________:
1. It is already 9:30 PM and I (wait) _____________________ here for over an hour. If John does not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.
2. I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I (wait) _____________________ for over an hour. I almost left without him.
3. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He (work) _____________________ for that import company for more than ten years and he (work) _____________________ in almost every department. Nobody knew the company like he did.
4. I (see) _____________________ many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Pictures of the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.
5. Sarah (climb) _____________________the Matterhorn, (sail) _____________________ around the world, and (go) _____________________ on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.
6. Sarah (climb)_____________________ the Matterhorn, (sail) _____________________ around the world and (go)_____________________ on safari in Kenya by the time she turned twenty-five. She (experience) _____________________ more by that age than most people do in their entire lives.
7. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think she (cry)_____________________.
2) Using the verbs in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses. Then identify them by writing the numbers. (1) ____________________,(2) ____________________, (3) ____________________ and(4) ___________________:
“ My English is really getting better. I (try) ____________________ to learn the language since 1985, but only recently have I been able to make some real progress. By the time I started high school in 1988, I (study) ____________________ the language for almost three years; however, I was only able to introduce myself and utter a few memorized sentences. For a couple more years, I (struggle) ____________________ through grammar and vocabulary lessons, which made absolutely no difference. Nothing worked, so I decided to study abroad.
I found an exchange program in England that sounded like the perfect answer. I (stay) ____________________ with a host family for one month. It was a huge disappointment! I (sit) ____________________ there the whole time staring at the host mother and father hoping that there would be some breakthrough. Nothing.
When I returned, I mentioned to a friend that I (have) ____________________ problems with the language for years. He recommended that I spend a year in an English speaking country. I decided to go abroad again. I (research) ____________________ exchange programs for a couple of weeks and finally decided on a school in the United States.
Well, it worked. I (live) ____________________and (study) ____________________ in the U.S. for more than two years. I (stay) ____________________here for at least another year before I return home. By then, I should be completely fluent.”
3) Answer these questions:
A, Jane talks on the phone.
Bob has been talking on the phone for an hour.
Mary is talking on the phone.
Question: Who is not necessarily on the phone now?__________________________ .
B. I'm going to make dinner for Frank.
I'm making dinner for Judy.
I'll make dinner for Mary.
I make dinner for Ted.
I will be making dinner for Tony.
Question: Who are you offering to make dinner for?__________________________ .
C. Jane left when Tim arrived.
Bob left when Tim had arrived.
Tim arrived when Mary was leaving.
John had left when Tim arrived.
After Tim arrived, Frank left.
Question: Who did not run into Tim?__________________________ .
Exercises using the verb tenses to be done by Andréa's students : Mayra, Bárbara, Viviane, Thays, Izadora, Sílvia and Rodolfo:
CEI – Curso Especial de InglêsLevel: Verb Tenses
Exercise: Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses:
Then identify them by writing the numbers. (1) Present Simple,(2) Present Continuous, (3) Present Perfect and(4) Present Perfect Continuous:
Top of Form 1
Robin: I think the waiter (forget) us. We (wait) here for over half an hour and nobody (take) our order yet. Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) by us at least twenty times. He probably thinks we (order, already) . Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) here for five or ten minutes and they already have their food. Michele: He must realize we (order, not) yet! We (sit) here for over half an hour staring at him. Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) us. He (run) from table to table taking orders and serving food. Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) in our direction once.
1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) her kids to football practice. 2. Usually, I (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study) French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) . 4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) . 5. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always) . 6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because everybody (talk) so loudly. 7. Justin (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. I hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished. 8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight? Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) to a movie tonight with some friends. 9. The business cards (be, normally ) printed by a company in New York. Their prices (be) inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good. 10. This delicious chocolate (be) made by a small chocolatier in Zurich, Switzerland.
That movie is about the everyday lives of working mothers.
(everyday clothes, problems, use, food)
2)Vat: nouna large container used for mixing or storing liquid substances, especially in a factory: a vat of wine/oil/The grapes are crushed in deep wooden vats.
3)To spill: (spilled/spilled – spilt/spilt) to flow or allow something to flow from a container, especially accidentally and usually resulting in loss or waste
- Someone at the party spilled red wine on the carpet.- Greg dropped a bag of sugar and it spilt all over the floor.
4)Duel: a formal fight in the past, using guns or swords, arranged between two people as a way of deciding an argument:(It can be a verb as well: To duel)
- The two men fought a duel over the lady.
5)Range: a number or set of different things belonging to the same general category or a variety of different things that something includes or can deal with
- The clinic provides a full range of medical services.
- Teachers have to deal with a wide range of students.
6)Preteen: The word preteen describes a child a bit younger than a teenager: perhaps between the ages of about 9 and 12.
noun: a preadolescent boy or girl (usually between 9 and 12 years of age) (Example: "Some teachers don´t like teaching preteens. ")
adjective: of or relating to or designed for children between the ages of 9 and 12 (Example: "A preteen party / preteen clothing")
7)Ideal: (adjective) without fault; perfect, or the best possible. (an ideal candidate/solution/employer etc)
- In an ideal world, no one would go hungry./- The book is ideal for children aged 4 to 6.
8)Fortune: (wealth) a large amount of money, goods, property, etc (to cost a fortune, to make a fortune):
- Carol inherited a fortune from her grandmother.-Any painting by Picasso is worth a fortune.
9) Honour: 1RESPECT[U]the quality of being honorable and having a good name (a quality that combines respect, pride and honesty. It comprises the reputation, self-perception or moral identity of an individual or of a group.):
- a man of honour / The soldiers fought for the honour of their country.
- Lula´s honour is at stake, since he hasn´t fulfilled people´s expectations.
10)Devil: a) an evil being, often represented in human form but with a tail and horns. (This entity is also commonly referred to by a variety of names, including Satan, Lucifer, Mephistopheles and Beelzebub).
b)INFORMALsomeone, especially a child, who behaves badly:
- My neighbors, who are young devils, havebroken my window.
11)Virtue: a particular quality that is morally good; a good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of goodness in people: (opposite: flaw / vice)
- Patience is a virtue. – Determination is one of my virtues.
12)Will: (noun) – mental power:determination to do something, despite any difficulties or opposition:
- After six months in hospital, the diabetic lady began to lose the will to live.
b)what someone wants to happen:
- It was God's will. / - Against her will (= Although she did not want to), the girl was forced to get married.
- I hate people who want to impose their will on me. ( Check: willpower)
13)To dare (dared/dared): to have the courage needed to do something
- Everyone in the office complains that Peter smells awful, but nobody dares (to) mention it to him.
- I dare not (daren't)/don't dare think how much the trip is going to cost.
14)Plenty: - as much or as many as you need; more than enough
- There’s plenty for the kids to do at the club./- There was plenty food for everyone at the party.
SCORN (Pay attention: this one is the noun, not the verb!) very great lack of respect for someone or something
that you think is stupid or worthless; Lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike:
e.g. Kate has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians. Why do you always pour scorn on(= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions?
I pour scorn on those who say that Lula was innocent in all those political scandals.
People who pour scorn on the Brazilian soccer team should take note that the best player in the world is Brazilian.
To scorn verb1to show scorn for someone or something: Does Lula respect the press and media, or does he secretly scorn them? "You scorned all my suggestions!"
George Bush scorns everyone and everything he disagrees with.
2.To reject something, such as advice, suggestions, plans, etc with contempt (contempt is a strong feeling of combined dislike and lack of respect)
"The professor scorns the students who don't catch on immediately".
"Just as the Americans scorn the Brits for how unpleasant their food is, the Brits scorn the Americans for how huge their food portions are".
Some people scorn the American vision of human dignity and freedom.
The order may be inverted. The first posts were published below:
overwhelmingadjective1difficult to fight against / so strong that it is irresistible: Carol felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened. / to shoot him. Andréa ate 3 boxes of chocolate led by an overwhelming temptation. / Lula received an overwhelming support from the population.
Luke felt an overwhelming sense of pain when he learned the news.
I felt an overwhelming sense of relief when the semester was over.
The child's mother was an overwhelming loss.
The task of teaching English is sometimes overwhelming.
2. extreme, great, large (an overwhelming majority/support.rejection/evidence.... )
Beer is an overwhelming favorite and great thirst quencher in Australia.
Alcides Rodrigues was elected by an overwhelming majority.
The Muslim holy month of Ramadan was marked by peaceful prayer and overwhelming participation.
"The scientific evidence is now overwhelming: Climate change is a serious global threat, and it demands an urgent global response."
"Overwhelming evidence supports the belief that homosexuality is a sexual deviancy "
Compared to children born within marriage, children born outside of marriage are overwhelmingly (adverb) more likely to live in poverty, depend on welfare, and have behavior problems.
There is an overwhelming demand for ESL instruction in Brazil.
overwhelmverb1[T]to defeat someone or something by using a lot of force: Government troops have overwhelmed the rebels and seized control of the capital.
Fear doesn't overwhelm you; you let fear overwhelm you. 2[T usually passive]to cause someone to feel sudden strong emotion: They were overwhelmed with/by grief when their baby died. / I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.
"The family of the hairdresser who was stabbed to death in Newcastle city said that they have been overwhelmed by messages of support. "
Andréa Parrode's students were overwhelmed by her kindness and generosity. or: Her students were overwhelmed by her willingness n helping them to make sentences for the text.
The teacher was overwhelmed by the rude words the student said to her.
Lula was overwhelmed with guilt. / Joy overwhelmed Liza when she realized that she had won a million dollars.
George Bush was overwhelmed by feelings of remorse for what he had done.
Hard-working students, please, print the post about few and little, and also the vocabulary of Lesson 6. Study the words and try to make your own sentences. Instead of cutting and sticking the paper, you have TO COPY THE WORDS AGAIN, and leave space in each one for another example!
Jokes
* Page 49:
1) Kitty: (noun) (informal) a domestic cat or kitten
eg: My kitty loves playing with yarn.
2) Tail: (noun) the long, narrow part that sticks out at the back of an animal's body
eg: My dog wags its tail excitedly whenever I play with it.
3) To yell: (verb) to shout something or make a loud noise, usually when you are angry, in pain or excited
eg: My neighbours were yelling obscenities at each other this morning.
9) Gossip : noun conversation or reports about other people's private lives which might be unkind, disapproving or not true: (Verb: To gossip)
eg: Famous people are targets for lots of gossip/Some people buy the paper only to read the gossip column./Renataalways buys “Caras” so as to be filled in on the latest gossip.
10) Jeweler: a person who sells and sometimes repairs jewellery and watches
11) Jailer: someone who guards prisoners and watches the cells
* Page 50:
12) To stand up for (somebody or something): to defend or support a particular idea or a person who is being criticized or attacked
eg: You must stand up for yourself if you want people to respect you.
Lula has promised to stand up for Brazilian interests abroad.
1. Quantifiers - Few / Little / A Few / A Little THese quantifiers are used to show a small quantity of something, for example "I have a few books" means I have a small quantity of books.
A Few A few is used with countable nouns to show a small quantity. It is used in affirmative statements, but not negatives. We generally use any or questions. For example: - I have a few books. - I don't have a few books This is incorrect. - I don't have any books This is correct. - Do you have a few books? Sometimes this is possibe, but generally speaking we use any for questions, for example "Do you have any books?"
Few There is an important difference between a few and few. Few without a is used to mean we don't have enough of something. For example: - She has few apples in the refrigerator. (She doesn't have enough apples). - She has a few apples in the refrigerator. (She has a small quantity of apples)
A Little A little is used with uncountable nouns to show a small quantity. Again, it is generally used in affirmative statements, not negatives or questions. For example: - I have a little orange juice. Negatives and Questions use "any" as usual. - I don't have a little orange juice. This is incorrect. - I don't have any orange juice. This is correct - Do you have a little orange juice? Again, we generally use any for questions, for example "Do you have any orange juice?"
Little As with few, there is also the same difference between a little and little. Little without a is used to mean we don't have enough of something. For example: - She has little for breakfast. (She doesn't eat enough for breakfast). - She has a little for breakfast. (She has a small quantity of food for breakfast).
Zerbini developed his own approach to heart transplantation, and performed the first one, on May 26th1968, just five months after the South African surgeon Christiaan Barnard (1922-2001). Unfortunately, the patient survived for 28 days only, but Zerbini persevered with three additional operations until the technique was perfected. All except one died in a short time, due to transplant rejection problems and Zerbini had to interrupt the operations. In 1985, Dr. Zerbini once again pioneered in the field, by performing the first heart transplantation in a patient with Chagas disease. Today, after the rejection problem was solved, it is a common operation in Brazil, performed on thousands of patients every year.
In 1975, this brilliant man accomplished his lifelong dream and opened INCOR, in São Paulo, which is still a highly regarded institute concerned with the treatment of heart diseases. He is internationally known for performing the first heart transplantation in Latin America (and the third in the world), and for creating the famous and respected clinical and research center Instituto do Coração da Universidade de São Paulo (Heart Institute of the University of São Paulo), in São Paulo, Brazil.
During his 58 years of professional career, Dr. Zerbini received 125 honour awards, prizes and titles. He participated in 314 medical and scientific conferences, published more than 450 papers, and performed more than 40,000 operations. He worked indefatigably until a few months before his death, by cancer.
His legacy was preserved by a non-profit medical institution affiliated to the Heart Institute, the Zerbini Foundation. There is also a medical award bearing his name, instituted by the Foundation. He left many disciples, many of whom count among the best and most influential cardiac surgeons in Brazil, such as former Brazilian Minister of Health Dr. Adib Domingos Jatene, who succeeded Dr. Zerbini as the Heart Institute's general director.
Pay attention to the order. The first words shown are the last ones posted. Check all of them:
Drive: (Choose definition A, which is more useful)
A) focused energy: energy and determination that helps somebody achieve what he or she wants to do Do you have the drive to achieve your ambitions?
B) psychology motivating need: a powerful need or instinct that motivates behavior, e.g. hunger or sex
Vasectomy does not affect production or release of testosterone, the male hormone responsible for a man's sex drive, beard,
deep voice, and other masculine traits.
SCORN (Pay attention: this one is the noun, not the verb!) very great lack of respect for someone or something
that you think is stupid or worthless; Lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike:
e.g. Kate has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians. Why do you always pour scorn on(= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions?
I pour scorn on those who say that Lula was innocent in all those political scandals.
People who pour scorn on the Brazilian soccer team should take note that the best player in the world is Brazilian.
To scorn verb1to show scorn for someone or something: Does Lula respect the press and media, or does he secretly scorn them? "You scorned all my suggestions!"
George Bush scorns everyone and everything he disagrees with.
2.To reject something, such as advice, suggestions, plans, etc with contempt (contempt is a strong feeling of combined dislike and lack of respect)
"The professor scorns the students who don't catch on immediately".
"Just as the Americans scorn the Brits for how unpleasant their food is, the Brits scorn the Americans for how huge their food portions are".
Some people scorn the American vision of human dignity and freedom.
The order may be inverted. The first posts were published below:
overwhelmingadjective1difficult to fight against / so strong that it is irresistible: Carol felt an overwhelming urge/desire/need to tell someone about what had happened. / to shoot him. Andréa ate 3 boxes of chocolate led by an overwhelming temptation. / Lula received an overwhelming support from the population.
Luke felt an overwhelming sense of pain when he learned the news.
I felt an overwhelming sense of relief when the semester was over.
The child's mother was an overwhelming loss.
The task of teaching English is sometimes overwhelming.
2. extreme, great, large (an overwhelming majority/support.rejection/evidence.... )
Beer is an overwhelming favorite and great thirst quencher in Australia.
Alcides Rodrigues was elected by an overwhelming majority.
The Muslim holy month of Ramadan was marked by peaceful prayer and overwhelming participation.
"The scientific evidence is now overwhelming: Climate change is a serious global threat, and it demands an urgent global response."
"Overwhelming evidence supports the belief that homosexuality is a sexual deviancy "
Compared to children born within marriage, children born outside of marriage are overwhelmingly (adverb) more likely to live in poverty, depend on welfare, and have behavior problems.
There is an overwhelming demand for ESL instruction in Brazil.
overwhelmverb1[T]to defeat someone or something by using a lot of force: Government troops have overwhelmed the rebels and seized control of the capital.
Fear doesn't overwhelm you; you let fear overwhelm you. 2[T usually passive]to cause someone to feel sudden strong emotion: They were overwhelmed with/by grief when their baby died. / I was quite overwhelmed by all the flowers and letters of support I received.
"The family of the hairdresser who was stabbed to death in Newcastle city said that they have been overwhelmed by messages of support. "
Andréa Parrode's students were overwhelmed by her kindness and generosity. or: Her students were overwhelmed by her willingness n helping them to make sentences for the text.
The teacher was overwhelmed by the rude words the student said to her.
Lula was overwhelmed with guilt. / Joy overwhelmed Liza when she realized that she had won a million dollars.
George Bush was overwhelmed by feelings of remorse for what he had done.
Choose one of the short texts to talk about next class as communication:
Before doing the exercise, REVIEW the past perfect continuous tense !!! Remember that the sentence cannot be used alone,
Dear pupils, now try to do this exercise. The present and past tenses have been mixed in some of them, and it's up to you to identify that. Any doubts, you may send me messages by clicking on comments because they are sent to my e-mail!
If anyone has questions, please, send me an e-mail ( 
StudyTime:
Doctor Zerbini is the surgeon who performed the first heart transplant in Brazil:
